Evaluation of Radiation Dose to the Thyroid Gland on Infant Patients Undergoing Anteroposterior Chest X-Ray at a Tertiary Hospital in North-Western Nigeria

Authors

  • U. Abubakar
    Department of Radiography, College of Health Sciences, Usmanu Danfodiyo University Sokoto, Nigeria
  • M. M. Ahmad
    Department of Pediatrics, College of Health Sciences, Usmanu Danfodiyo University Sokoto, Nigeria
  • U. A. Al-Amin
    Department of Radiography, College of Health Sciences, Usmanu Danfodiyo University Sokoto, Nigeria
  • A. A. Sadiq
    Department of Radiography, College of Health Sciences, Usmanu Danfodiyo University Sokoto, Nigeria
  • A. Mohammed
    Department of Radiography, College of Health Sciences, Usmanu Danfodiyo University Sokoto, Nigeria
  • D. Mohammed
    Department of Radiography, College of Health Sciences, Usmanu Danfodiyo University Sokoto, Nigeria
  • I. Y. Izge
    Department of Radiography, College of Health Sciences, Usmanu Danfodiyo University Sokoto, Nigeria
  • M. Sidi
    Department of Medical Radiography, College of Medical Sciences, Bayero University Kano, Nigeria
  • A. Mohammed
    Department of Radiology, Specialist Hospital Gombe, Maiduguri, Nigeria

Keywords:

Entrance surface dose, Diagnostic reference levels, Thyroid

Abstract

The study aims at measuring the entrance surface dose (ESD) of the thyroid gland of infant patients undergoing anterior-posterior (AP) chest x-ray in Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital Sokoto (UDUTHS). The study further determines the effective dose to the thyroid on infant patients undergoing AP chest x-ray. Also, compare the entrance surface dose of infant patients obtained from the study with other similar studies and diagnostic reference levels (DRLs) recommended by the International Commission on Radiological Protection ICRP. This is a prospective cross-sectional study and the primary source of data was obtained. Pediatric patients used for the study who are referred to the radiology department for an anteroposterior chest x-ray, UDUTH, Sokoto state, Nigeria. A non-probability sampling technique was adopted for the patient who came in for a chest x-ray (AP) and as recommended by ICRP that a minimum of 10 patients should be used to determine the ESD for each projection, therefore 15 patients were adopted for this study. The result of the ESD obtained for the thyroid on infant patients undergoing chest x-ray (AP) was averaged and the mean of the ESD was 1.38 mGy. This result was compared to similar studies done within the country and outside the country and with the European Commission on radiological protection as seen in Table 6 and Figure 3. The ESD obtained in this study is much higher than those obtained in similar studies as well as the recommended Diagnostic Reference Levels (DRLs). The method adopted in the study was recommended by the international commission on radiological protection, as a result of this, comparisons were reliably made with the reference values and similar studies. The result has shown that entrance surface doses and radiation doses to the thyroid exceed the permissible value in Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital (UDUTH) Sokoto.

Dimensions

G. Compagnone, L. Pagan & C. Bergamini, “Local diagnostic reference levels in standard X-ray examinations”, Radiation Protection Dosimetry 113 (2005) 113.

A. C. Azevedo, O. A. Osibote & M. C. Boehat, “Paediatric X-ray examinations in Rio de Janeiro”, Phys Med Biol 51 (2006) 3723.

R. Paydar, A. Takavar, M. Kardan, A. Babakhani, M. Deevband & S. Saber, “Patient effective dose evaluation for chest x-ray examination in three digital Radiography center”, Iran. J Radiat Res 10 (2012) 134.

D. Bader, H. Datz, G. Bartal, A. A. Juster, K. Marks, T. Smolkin, S. Zangen, A. Kugelman, C. Ho mann, G. Shani, A. Ben-Shlomo, M. Margaliot & S. Sadetzki, “Unintentional exposure of neonates to conventional radiography in the Neonatal Intensive Care Units”, J Perinatol 27 (2007) 579.

E. Ron, J. H. Lubin, R. E. Shore, K. Mabuchi, B. Modan, L. M. Pottern, A. B. Schneider, M. A. Tucker & J. D. Boice, “Thyroid cancer after exposure to external radiation, a pooled and analysis of seven studies”, Radiat Res 178 (2012) 43.

L. H. Veiga, E. Holmberg, H. Anderson, L. Pottern, S. Sadetzki, M. J. Adams, R. Sakata, A. B. Schneider, P. Inskip, P. Bhatti, R. Johansson, G. R. Neta, R. Shore, F. de Vathaire, L. Damber, R. Kleinerman, M. M. Hawkins, M. Tucker, M. Lundell & J. H. Lubin, “Thyroid Cancer after Childhood Exposure to External Radiation: An Updated Pooled Analysis of 12 Studies”, Radiat Res 185 (2016) 473.

L. Damber, L. Johanson, R. Johanson & L. Larson, “Thyroid cancer after x-ray treatment of benign disorders of the cervical spine in adult”, Acta oncologica 41 (2012) 25.

A. Memon, S. Godward, D. Williams, I Siddique & K. Al-Saleh, “Dental x-ray and the risk of thyroid cancer; a case-control study”, Deta oncologica 49 (2010) 447.

J. Wang, J. Boice, B. Li, J. Zhang & J. Fraumeni, “Cancer among medical diagnostic x-ray workers in China”, Journal of National cancer institute 80 (1998) 344.

V. Karami, M. Zabihzadah, M. Gholami, N. Sham & F. Mezhad, “Dose reduction to the Thyroid gland in Pediatric chest Radiography in Ahvaz”, Iran. Int j pediatr 4 (2016) 1795.

M. R. Deevband, F. Rahmani, M. E. Bardar & M. Ghorbani, “Optimization of dose and image quality in pediatrics chest digital radiography”, Journal of Medical Imaging and Radiation Sciences 52 (2021) 443.

I. Konate, G. A. Monnehan, D. B. L. H. Gogon, T. P. A. Dali, A. A. Koua & Djagouri K, “Diagnostic Reference Level in Frontal Chest X-Ray in Western Cˆote d’Ivoire”, World Journal of Nuclear Science and Technology 9 (2019) 147.

K. Shamsi, Monfared, A. S. Monfared, Deevband, M. R. Deevband, B. Mohsenzadeh, Ghorbani, M Ghorbani, K. E. Gorji & F. Niksirat, “Evaluation of effective dose and entrance skin dose in digital radiology”, Polish Journal of Medical Physics and Engineering 26 (2020) 119.

R. Davoodi, M. R. Eydian, H. Karampour, M. Nassarpour, R. Rezazadeh-Farokh, A. Maraei & M. Chavideh, “Application of Dose Area Product (DAP) to Estimate Entrance Surface Dose (ESD) in Pediatric Chest X-Rays”, Modern Health Science 3 (2020) 119.

S. Don, “Radiosensitivity of children: Potential for overexposure in CR and DR and magnitude of doses in ordinary radiographic examinations”, Pediatr Radiol 34 (2004) 167.

H. Delis, P. Homolka, C. L. Chappl, P. R. Costa, E. Attalla, L. E. Lubis, T. A. Sackey, F. Fahey, M. Lassmann & G. L. Poli, “Developing and implementing a multi-modality imaging optimization study in pediatric radiology: Experience and recommendations from an IAEA coordinated research project”, Physica Medica 82 (2021), 255.

C. D. De Souza, G. R. Freitas, R. F. Medeiros, E Ramalho, S. C. Rodrigues & G. O. Rodrigues, “Protocol for reducing radiation exposure during pediatric thoracic radiography”, Journal of Medical Imaging and Radiation Sciences 53 (2022) 437.

Y. Hiramatsu & S. Koga, “Guidelines for justification of diagnostic radiology”, JMAJ 44 (2001) 469.

K. Adambounou, K. Sedo, A. M. Y. Adigo, L Sonhaye, F. Sodogas & V. Adjenou, “Dosimetry of pediatric chest X-Ray examinations in Togo”, Journal of Medical Imaging and Radiation Sciences 52 (2021) 265.

O. Egbe, S. Inyang, B. Ibeagwa & S. Chiaghanam, “Paediatric Radiography entrance doses for some routine procedures in three hospitals within eastern Nigeria”, J Med Phys 33 (2008) 29.

H. M. L. S. B. Herath, R. L. A.Wickramarathne, A. S. Pallewatte & L. H. M. I. M. Herath, “Evaluation of Surface Dose to the Thyroid Region of Pediatric Patients Undergoing Antero-Posterior Chest X-ray Examination”, International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications 7 (2017) 204.

M. T Toosi & M. Asadinezhad, “Local diagnostic reference levels for some common diagnostic X-ray examinations in Tehran county of Iran”, Radiat Prot Dosimetry 124 (2007) 137.

M. Zabihzadeh & V. Karami, “Current status of the fetography: Preventing of the future radiation-induced cancer”, Iran J Cancer Prev 10 (2016) 5209.

M. Gustafsson & W. Mortensson, “Radiation exposure and estimate of late effects of chest roentgen examination in children”, International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications 7 (2017) 2250.

International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP), Radiological Protection and Safety in Medicine, Publication 73 Annals of ICRP 26 (1996).

International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP), The 2007 Recommendations of International Commission on Radiological Protection ICRP Publication 103. Ann. ICRP 37 (2007).

International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP), Diagnostic Reference Levels in Medical Imaging ICRP Publication 135 Ann. ICRP (2017).

International Centre for Theoretical Physics/International Atomic Energy Agency, Training course on radiation protection of patients Trieste, Italy Smr 285 (2013).

Published

2023-04-29

How to Cite

Evaluation of Radiation Dose to the Thyroid Gland on Infant Patients Undergoing Anteroposterior Chest X-Ray at a Tertiary Hospital in North-Western Nigeria. (2023). African Scientific Reports, 2(1), 85. https://doi.org/10.46481/asr.2023.2.1.85

Issue

Volume 2, Issue 1, April 2023

Section

Original Research
Copyright & Licensing

Copyright (c) 2023 U. Abubakar, M. M. Ahmad, U. A. Al-Amin, A. A. Sadiq, A. Mohammed, D. Mohammed, I. Y. Izge, M. Sidi, A. Mohammed

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

How to Cite

Evaluation of Radiation Dose to the Thyroid Gland on Infant Patients Undergoing Anteroposterior Chest X-Ray at a Tertiary Hospital in North-Western Nigeria. (2023). African Scientific Reports, 2(1), 85. https://doi.org/10.46481/asr.2023.2.1.85

Similar Articles

21-30 of 41

You may also start an advanced similarity search for this article.