https://asr.nsps.org.ng/index.php/asr <p><em>African Scientific Reports</em> is a peer reviewed, open access, inter- and multidisciplinary scientific journal that is dedicated to expanding access to African research, increasing intra-African scientific collaboration, and building academic research capacity in Africa. The journal aims to provide a modern, highly-visible platform for publishing pan-African research and welcomes submissions from all areas of the natural sciences, psychology, medicine and engineering. With the idea that making research openly available to the public promotes better global knowledge exchange, this journal offers direct open access to its contents, i.e., all the articles published in this journal are free to access immediately from the date of publication. ASR is available in print and online. The language used in this journal is English.</p> <p> </p> Nigerian Society of Physical Sciences en-US African Scientific Reports 2955-1625 <div class="page"> <div class="page"> <p>African Scientific Reports (ASR) is published under the <strong><a href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.</a></strong> This license was developed to facilitate open access, namely, it allows articles to be freely downloaded and to be re-used and re-distributed without restriction, as long as the original work is correctly cited. More specifically, anyone may copy, distribute or reuse these articles, create extracts, abstracts, and other revised versions, adaptations or derivative works of or from an article, mine the article even for commercial purposes, as long as they credit the author(s).</p> </div> </div> https://asr.nsps.org.ng/index.php/asr/article/view/63 <p>Diabetes is a medical condition in which the body cannot produce enough insulin to process the glucose in the blood. Type 2 diabetes is mostly diagnosed in order adults but it is increasingly seen in children, adolescent and younger adult. It is discovered that the rate at which patients are diagnosed of diabetes has been on the increase despite the series of diabetic drugs that are available. This prompted the researchers to carry out this research so as to determine the potency of drugs used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes. Data were collected from Specialist Hospital, Jalingo Taraba State. The data were used to obtain the relative potency and pooled variance as well as analyzing the potency of the diabetes drug. The result for the relative potency which is &gt; 1 (1.62), means that the test preparation is less potent than the standard test preparation. We also observed that their confidence interval lies between (-12.88,17.05). Analyzing the significance difference between the standard test preparation and the test preparation, using the student t test we obtain calculated t=1.93 and the t value from the table=1.96. We conclude that since tcal=1.93 &lt;ttab=1.96, we accept H1; and conclude that there is significant difference between Dji and Djk drugs (standard test preparation and test preparation respectively). This means that more effort is needed in the area of research for more diabetic drugs that will be highly effective in the treatment of diabetes.</p> Charity Ebelechukwu Okorie Martin Afam Nwaokolo Copyright (c) 2023 Charity Ebelechukwu Okorie, Martin Afam Nwaokolo https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 2023-02-21 2023-02-21 63 63 10.46481/asr.2023.2.1.63 https://asr.nsps.org.ng/index.php/asr/article/view/49 <p>Geophysical methods are becoming an increasingly valuable tool even for agricultural applications. Agricultural geophysics investigations are commonly focused on delineating small- and/or large-scale objects/features within the soil profile (````````~ 0 to 2 m depth) over very large areas. The study was carried out at a farm site in Ahmadu Bello University, to delineate subsurface structures with depth. It revealed the lithological units in the study area. The analyses has revealed various lithological units from the results of the inverted sections along the profiles. The study area has shown clearly two distinct layers, overburden and weathered basement. The overburden layer is clayey sand, sandy clay, and laterite. This laterite soil show very high resistivity anomaly that may be referred to as consolidated laterite. The weathered layer which contains medium grained sand with clay and feldspar materials also has the presence of fractured part that could act as the aquifer in the area. From the subsurface properties, this farm land may have low agricultural yield or may limit the cultivation potential of the region, but the region may be good for underground water yield.</p> J. O. Osumejeh D. Eshimiakhe E. A. Kudanmya F. Ojo K. M. Lawal Copyright (c) 2023 J. O. Osumejeh, D. Eshimiakhe, E. A. Kudanmya, F. Ojo, K. M. Lawal https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 2023-02-04 2023-02-04 49 49 10.46481/asr.2023.2.1.49 https://asr.nsps.org.ng/index.php/asr/article/view/54 <p>Economy of a country can absorb shock and as well boost confidence through external reserves. Hence, external reserves play an important role to the extent that it helps in stabilizing the country’s economy. This study focuses on modeling the Nigeria external reserves using time series technique. 30-year data were extracted from the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) bulletin from 1990 – 2019. Some economic tools used to diagonize the data are Augmented Dickey Fuller (ADF) test, unit root tests Kwaitkowshi – philips – Schmiot – Shin test in order to ascertain the stationary of the data. Meanwhile, Auto Regression Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) model was used as model for prediction whereby Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) and Hannan-Quinn Information Criterion (HQIC) were used as model diagnostic checking. At original level, the data showed an upward trend and found out to be non-stationary. When further examined using the diagnostic economic tools, at first difference the data were found to maintain a state of equilibrium. Also, model diagnostic checking revealed that ARIMA (2,1,7) was found to be the appropriate optimal model and thereby used for forecast for the next five years. Hence, the forecasted values revealed that the Nigeria external reserves will continue to increase steadily. Consequently, government should put in place legal policies that will enhance, increase accumulation and proper management of external reserves.</p> Taiwo Joel Adejumo Ayobami Ibukun Okegbade Janet Iyabo Idowu Olasunkanmi James Oladapo Olanrewaju O. Oladejo Copyright (c) 2023 T. J. Adejumo, A. I. Okegbade, J. I. Idowu, O. J. Oladapo, O. O. Oladejo https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 2023-03-15 2023-03-15 54 54 10.46481/asr.2023.2.1.54 https://asr.nsps.org.ng/index.php/asr/article/view/67 <p>The numerical application of higher order linear block method for the direct solution of fourth order initial value problems was proposed using the linear block algorithm, where the methods applied in block form. The method is zero-stabile, consistent and convergent when analyzing the properties of the method. The mathematical example solved using the method is effective, suitable, and acceptable for solving fourth order initial value problems. The method is also compared with existing work when solving similar systems of differential equation and obviously, the method performs better than those in literature and textual shown.</p> D. Raymond T. Y. Kyagya S. John A. Lydia Copyright (c) 2023 D. Raymond, T. Y. Kyagya, S. John, A. Lydia https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 2023-02-04 2023-02-04 67 67 10.46481/asr.2023.2.1.67 https://asr.nsps.org.ng/index.php/asr/article/view/30 <p> </p> <p> </p> Nigerian Society of Physical Sciences Copyright (c) 2023 Nigerian Society of Physical Sciences Trivedi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 2023-03-10 2023-03-10 30 30 10.46481/asr.2023.2.1.30