Physicochemical analysis and dissolution kinetics of Itakpe iron ore in acid, base and aqueous media

Abstract

This work examines the physicochemical properties and dissolution kinetics of Itakpe iron ore, Nigeria, to provide insight into its industrial and environmental applications. The iron ore had a bulk density of 4.22 g/cm3, an apparent density of 3.33 g/cm3, and a pH of 8.3, hence showing potential in adsorption and environmental remediation. Conductivity of 138.7 μS/cm and specific surface area of 146.81 m2/g showed potential in catalytic and adsorptive applications. The dissolution rates were significantly higher in acidic media, with a maximum weight loss of 5.65% at 360 minutes compared to 4.38% in basic media and 0.45% in neutral conditions. The zero-order kinetic model, R2 = 0.8819, showed that the dissolution process was surface-controlled in acidic media, while the Higuchi model, R2 = 0.8797, confirmed dissolution driven by diffusion. These findings emphasize the need to apply zero-order and Higuchi models in the dissolution kinetics of Itakpe iron ore. This work presents a clear quantitative comparison across media that was not developed earlier. These results support the optimized utilization of Itakpe iron ore in steel production and environmental remediation, hence indicating compatibility with various chemical conditions and that sustainable mining will help reduce harmful environmental impacts.