Environmental degradation of Nike lake: a study on water quality parameters and heavy metal accumulation in fish

Authors

  • C. E. Achikanu
    Department of Applied Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology Sciences, Enugu State University of Science & Technology, Enugu State, Nigeria
  • I. I. Ujah
    Department of Applied Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology Sciences, Enugu State University of Science & Technology, Enugu State, Nigeria
  • O. N. Ani
    Department of Applied Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology Sciences, Enugu State University of Science & Technology, Enugu State, Nigeria
  • C. A. Nsude
    Department of Applied Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology Sciences, Enugu State University of Science & Technology, Enugu State, Nigeria
  • K. O. Okolo
    Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Enugu State University of Science & Technology, Enugu State, Nigeria
  • D. O. Okeke
    Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Anambra State, Nigeria
  • C. U. Ekekezie
    Department of Building, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Enugu State university of Science & Technology, Enugu State, Nigeria
  • V. E. Okpashi
    Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Calabar, Cross River State, Nigeria
  • L. C. Okwesili
    Department of Industrial Chemistry, Faculty of Physical Sciences, Enugu State University of Science & Technology
  • I. O. Okpako
    Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Pan African University Institute for Basic Sciences, Technology and Innovation, Nairobi, Kenya
  • E. O. Nneji
    Department of Applied Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology Sciences, Enugu State University of Science & Technology, Enugu State, Nigeria
  • C. A. Anieke
    Department of Applied Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology Sciences, Enugu State University of Science & Technology, Enugu State, Nigeria

Keywords:

Pollution, Heavy metals, Nike lake, Clarias gariepinus, Tilapia zillii

Abstract

Environmental pollution is a pressing global issue, with heavy metal pollution posing a significant threat. This study examined the concentrations of heavy metals (cadmium, nickel, lead, chromium, manganese, iron, zinc, copper, mercury, selenium, and arsenic) in various organs and tissues (blood, gills, intestines, liver) of African Catfish (Clarias gariepinus) and Redbelly Tilapia (Tilapia zillii) from Nike Lake in Enugu State, Nigeria. Water samples from the lake were also analyzed for heavy metal concentrations, as well as nitrogen and phosphorous content, nitrate, phosphate, and dissolved oxygen levels. The results showed that the fish samples contained varying concentrations of heavy metals, with the highest levels found in the gills. The ranges of metal concentrations were: Cd (0.00-0.033), Ni (0.00-0.002), Pb (0.00-0.072), Cr (0.00-0.039), Mn (0.00-0.041), Fe (0.010-1.363), Zn (0.268-0.604), Cu (0.008-0.084), Hg (0.00-0.147), Se (0.293-0.474), Mo (0.020-0.095), and As (0.00-0.034). The water samples contained similar concentrations of heavy metals, were Cd:0.02, Ni:0.001, Pb:0.034, Cr:0.00, Mn:0.012, Fe:0.037, Zn:0.173, Cu:0.008, Hg:0.147, Se:0.309, Mo:0.027, As:0.004, with the addition of nitrate (4.373), phosphate (4.383), and dissolved oxygen (45.33) levels. The nitrogen and phosphorous content in the fish organs ranged from 2.938-4.987 and 3.089-7.484, respectively. The study highlights the presence of toxic heavy metals in the organs of the fish, emphasizing the need for regulation and monitoring to mitigate the risks associated with heavy metal pollution in aquatic ecosystems.

Dimensions

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Published

2024-12-30

How to Cite

Environmental degradation of Nike lake: a study on water quality parameters and heavy metal accumulation in fish. (2024). African Scientific Reports, 3(3), 245. https://doi.org/10.46481/asr.2024.3.3.245

Issue

Volume 3, Issue 3, December 2024

Section

BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES SECTION
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Copyright (c) 2024 C. E. Achikanu, I. I. Ujah, O. N. Ani, C. A. Nsude, K. O. Okolo, D. O. Okeke, C. U. Ekekezie, V. E. Okpashi, L. C. Okwesili, I. O. Okpako, E. O. Nneji, C. A. Anieke

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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

How to Cite

Environmental degradation of Nike lake: a study on water quality parameters and heavy metal accumulation in fish. (2024). African Scientific Reports, 3(3), 245. https://doi.org/10.46481/asr.2024.3.3.245

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