Simulation of thermochemical effects on unsteady magneto hydrodynamics fluids flow in two dimensional nonlinear permeable media

Abstract

This study aimed to simulate the thermochemical effects on unsteady magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) fluid flow in a two-dimensional nonlinear permeable medium under the influence of an external space-dependent magnetic field and a non-uniform heat source. Fluid flow is crucial in numerous natural and man-made systems, yet its complexities, especially in MHD contexts, are underexplored. The models momentum, energy, and concentration equations, accounting for the dependence of fluid and media properties, were transformed into nonlinear coupled ordinary differential equations using similarity transformations. These equations were solved numerically using the shooting technique, the sixth-order Runge-Kutta Fehlberg method, and Newton’s Raphson method, supported by Maple software. Computational results were generated for velocity, temperature, and concentration profiles. The skin-friction coefficient, Nusselt Number (which represents heat transfer rate), and Sherwood Number (indicating mass transfer) were also evaluated. The results indicated that velocity increased with the magnetic field parameter, permeability, thermal and mass Grashof Numbers, Prandtl Number, radiation, mass transfer parameters, and wall porosity. Conversely, velocity diminished with an increase in Schmidt Number, space and temperature-dependent heat generation parameters, and unsteadiness. The fluid temperature followed a similar trend, decreasing with increased magnetic field, permeability, Grashof numbers, and other parameters but showed a reverse effect when radiation and unsteadiness were high. Fluid concentration initially increased with smaller parameter values but declined with larger ones. The findings suggested that optimizing thermophysical parameters can significantly enhance heat and mass transfer in unsteady MHD flow through permeable surfaces, making the results relevant for biomedical applications.