Effect of Phthalonitrile and Alum on Flame Retardation Properties of 100% Cotton Fabric

Authors

  • E. U. Chukwuegbo Department of Industrial Chemistry, Enugu State University of Science and Technology, Enugu, Nigeria
  • E. Agboeze Department of Industrial Chemistry, Enugu State University of Science and Technology, Enugu, Nigeria
  • C. C. Ogbuanu Department of Industrial Chemistry, Enugu State University of Science and Technology, Enugu, Nigeria
  • S. Amujiogu Department of Industrial Chemistry, Enugu State University of Science and Technology, Enugu, Nigeria

Keywords:

Flame retardant, Phthalonitrile, Cotton fabric, Alum, Percent add-on, Flame and glow time, Char formation

Abstract

Speculations have it that phthalonitrile imparts flame retardancy on substrates. This study aimed to investigate the activities of phthalonitrile as flame retardant on 100% cotton fabric. The fabric samples tested were cut into 25:4 x 7 cm pieces, scoured, dried, and weighed. They were then impregnated with different concentrations of phthalonitrile in different solvents (benzene and acetone) and emulsion alongside alum dissolved in water. At the same time, the untreated fabric was used as a control. All the impregnated pieces of fabric were dried at room temperature and reweighed. The fabrics were subjected to add-on%, after flame time, after-glow time, and % char formation tests. The results showed that cotton-tested flame retardant properties increase with the increase in the concentration of phthalonitrile. Phthalonitrile has flame retardant properties on 100% cotton fabric.

Dimensions

E. Cook & C. A. Velis, Global review on safer end of engineered life, Royal Academy of Engineering, 2021.

A. Wilson, Environmental Burning News, 2 2004.

N. N. Valentine & W. A. Bolaji, ”Fire Disaster Preparedness among Residents in a High Income Community”, International Journal of Disaster Management 4 (2021) 23.

A. Daramola & L. Ibrahim, ”Analysis of Fire Safety Measures in Residential Buildings in Yaba LCDA, Lagos State, Nigeria”, Afet ve Risk Dergisi 4 (2021) 135.

M. Gerges, P. Demian, A. Khalafallah & M. Salamak, ”Occupants’ Perspectives of the Use of Smartphones during Fire Evacuation from High-Rise Residential Buildings”, Applied Sciences 12 (2022) 5298.

T. A. Arowolo, A. K. Adewale & O. S. Owolabi, ”Integration of Fire Safety Performance in Market Design; Case Study Of Abubakar Rimi Market, Kano State, Nigeria”, Journal DOI 7 (2021) 29.

R. Arinze, P. Chris-Okafor, N. Okoye & C. Iziga, ”Reducing the Flammability of Gmelina arboreaWood Using Flame Retardants”, American Academic Scientific Research Journal for Engineering, Technology, and Sciences 57 (2019) 53

Y. Zu, L. Zong, J.Wang & X. Jian, ”Enhanced thermal property via tunable bisphenol moieties in branched phthalonitrile thermoset”, Polymer (2019) 372.

G. Yang, M. Park & S. J. Park, ”Recent progresses of fabrication and characterization of fibers-reinforced composites, A review”, Composites Communications (2019) 34.

X. He, M. Chen, H. Wu, S. Liao, Y. Luo, J. Hu & G. Yang, ”A novel, facile and straightforward approach to achieve high-performance and efficient utilization of sustainable tyrosine cyclic peptide”, Polymer 217 (2021) 123417.

Z. Huang, S. Quan, X. Hu, Y. Zhang, Y. Gao, Y. Ji & Y. Yin, ”Study on the preparation and inhibition mechanism of intumescent nanogel for preventing the spontaneous combustion of coal”, Fuel 310 (2022) 122240.

F. W. Abdulrahman, A. U. Mohammad & B. Garba, ”Effect of flame retardant treatment on thermal behaviour of some fibrous materials”, Nigerian Journal of Renewable Energy 2 (2001) 93.

Z. Huang, Y. Tian, Z. Shao, Y. Gao, Y. Zhang, J. Li & H. Zhu, ”Novel super-absorbent polymer-grafted tea polyphenol composite inhibitor for the prevention of coal spontaneous combustion”, Fire and Materials 44 (2020) 975.

R. Arinze, P. Chris-Okafor, N. Okoye & C. Iziga, ”Reducing the Flammability of Gmelina arboreaWood Using Flame Retardants”, American Academic Scientific Research Journal for Engineering, Technology, and Sciences 57 (2019) 53

P. Mali, N. S. Sonawane, V. Patil, G. Lokhande, R. Mawale & N. Pawar, ”Morphology of wood degradation and flame retardants wood coating technology: an overview”, International Wood Products Journal 13 (2022) 21.

M. F. Oktem & B. Aydas¸, ”Flame retardant characteristics of polymerized dopamine hydrochloride coated jute fabric and jute fabric composites”, Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society 67 (2022) 363.

P. S. G. Krishnan, P. Manju & S. K. Nayak, Fire-Retardant Nanocomposite Coatings Based on Nanoclay and POSS, in Nanotechnology in Textiles, Jenny Stanford Publishing (2020) 695.

S. Rudz¯ite & E. Bukˇs¯ans, ” Impact of High-pressure Impregnation and Fire Protective Coatings on the Reaction to Fire Performance of Birch Plywood”, Rural Sustainability Research 45 (2021) 65.

K. Rajalakshmi, P. Krishnan & S. K. Nayak”, Synthesis of dialkyl 2-(Methacryloyloxyethyl) phosphonates, their characterization and polymerization”, Polymer Science Series B, 57 (2015) 408.

B. Schartel, ”Phosphorus-based flame retardancy mechanisms—old hat or a starting point for future development”, Materials 3 (2010) 4710.

B. Martel, ”Charring process in thermoplastic polymers: Effect of Condensed phase oxidation on the formation of chars in pure polymer”, Journal of Applied Polymer Science 35 (1988) 1213.

M. Natali, J. M. Kenny & L. Torre, ”Science and technology of polymeric ablative materials for thermal protection systems and propulsion devices: A review”, Progress in Materials Science 84 (2016) 192.

Published

2022-08-29

How to Cite

Effect of Phthalonitrile and Alum on Flame Retardation Properties of 100% Cotton Fabric. (2022). African Scientific Reports, 1(2), 88–94. https://doi.org/10.46481/asr.2022.1.2.32

Issue

Volume 1, Issue 2, August 2022

Section

Original Research
Copyright & Licensing

Copyright (c) 2022 E. U. Chukwuegbo, E. Agboeze, C. C. Ogbuanu, S. Amujiogu

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

How to Cite

Effect of Phthalonitrile and Alum on Flame Retardation Properties of 100% Cotton Fabric. (2022). African Scientific Reports, 1(2), 88–94. https://doi.org/10.46481/asr.2022.1.2.32